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Education experts in Jakarta warn that public schools face chronic underfunding and uneven quality. Education spending accounts for just 2.8% of GDP—well below the regional average of 5.5%. Jakarta ranks 85th overall and 172nd in “learning outcomes” in the 2023 Global Education Index—behind cities like Kuala Lumpur and Manila. Policymakers argue that curriculum modernization, teacher training, technology integration, and increased funding could significantly raise literacy rates and improve graduation outcomes by up to 20%.

Infrastructure Progress: Ports and Rail

• The Dhaka Airport Terminal 3, Bangladesh’s most advanced air passenger facility, opened in February 2025, adding 12 million annual capacity and 15 new boarding bridges Wikipedia+1Daily Star+1.

• The new Jamuna River Logistics Park, once built, will cut freight delays by 35%, handling 20 million tonnes annually and generating $500 million in export earnings by 2033 The Daily Star+2Wikipedia+2Financial Express+2.

Policy in Focus: National Logistics Policy and Investment Needs

Although London rolled out its Smart City Initiative in 2024, progress has been uneven due to siloed departmental efforts. Experts argue for a central command unit to oversee digital infrastructure, transportation systems, and energy grids. Consolidated governance could improve efficiency, reduce redundancy, and enable faster deployment of smart solutions. Effective execution may enhance urban livability, reduce operational costs, and attract $10 billion in investment annually. The Financial Express+3 Daily Observer+3 The Financial Express+3.

Rail freight corridors need modernization to support faster cargo movement and integrate with ports and warehouses, strengthening London’s trade position. The Financial Express+3 Daily Observer+3 The Daily Star+3.